Vorobyev D. N.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF COLORFUL POPULATIONS AND THE AFRO-AMERICAN PROTEST MOVEMENT IN THE USA
IN THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

The article is devoted to the analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence, as well as the process of establishment of the interracial protest organization the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (abbreviated as NAACP) during the Progressive Era in the USA. The beginning of the 20th century was marked by a crisis of the ideology of accommodation, which prevailed in the African American community and in the interracial relations of the country at the end of the 19th century. The acceptance by the black population of the political and social order that prevailed in the South of the United States was seen by local authorities, as well as other supporters of white supremacy in other parts of the country, as an opportunity for a further active attack on the rights of African Americans with the connivance of the federal authorities in this process. The union of white liberal leaders and black activists, which resulted in the creation of the NAACP in 1908, allowed the African American protest movement to begin an active struggle against racist law in the United States. The NAACP program of action, aimed at protecting the civil rights of the black population guaranteed by the US Constitution, implied holding regular protests, rallies and pickets, lobbying for legislative initiatives in favor of the African American community, conducting active campaigning in periodicals, primarily through the main journal of the organization «The Crisis», as well as organizing trials to revise selected racist laws. During the 1910s the NAACP managed to turn into a serious force that managed to draw the attention of the American public to the problem of interracial relations in the USA. By 1920, African Americans, who made up the vast majority of the NAACP members, took a leading position in the organization’s leadership.

Keywords: the US history, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Race Relations, African American Protest Movement, Progressive Era, W.E.B. Dubois

Институт США и Канады РАН, Центр социально-политических исследований (Россия),

Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)

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