№1-2022-03
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-01-33-48
Vartanyan E. G.
THE PROBLEM OF THE CASPIAN SECTION: WAYS OF SEARCHING FOR COMPROMISE
(LATE XX — BEGINNING XXI CENTURY)
The article is devoted to the problem of the division of the Caspian Sea between five states (Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan) in the 1990s. — the beginning of the XXI century. It is emphasized that for many decades in the Caspian region, the interests of the two coastal states — the Russian Empire and Iran, the USSR and Iran, coexisted peacefully, and in the 1990s. the Caspian region has become one of the geopolitical centers. It is noted that each of the five newly-sovereign Caspian states is interested in creating clear and stable rules for interaction in the region, but at the same time they do not forget about their national interests. It is indicated that there are a number of obstacles on the way to reaching an agreement on the division of the Caspian Sea: the absence of a clear international legal framework for the delimitation of the sea-lake; the presence of bilateral disagreements on this issue between individual states of the region; significant differences in the approaches of individual Caspian states on the status of the Caspian Sea and the principles of its delimitation; attempts by individual states of the region to establish de facto control over disputed hydrocarbon deposits and begin their development even before the issues of the status of the Caspian Sea are resolved; significant dependence of the solution of these issues on the geopolitical and strategic interests of the leading Western countries in this region of the world. It is concluded that the problem of dividing the Caspian Sea was officially resolved at the Fifth Caspian Summit in 2018 in the form of a Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea. The convention is a fixation of the agreements reached and approves the general principles for further five-sided cooperation. But at this stage, there are enough unresolved issues on the problem that need to be resolved in the context of the principles and distinctions enshrined in the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea.
Keywords: the problem of the division of the Caspian Sea, principles, conventions, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan.
Kuban State University (Russia)
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