№3-2022-01
DOI:10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-03-07-22
Artemov N.S., Denisov A.V.
THE CHURCH AND NECROPOLIS OF COSMAS AND DAMIAN IN THE LOWER GARDENERS: CHROLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY
The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations on the territory of the cemetery at the Moscow Church of Cosmas and Damian in the Lower Sadovaya Sloboda. The object of this research is the church and necropolis of Cosmas and Damian, the subject of the research is their historical and social topography and chronology of the functioning of the cemetery. The purpose of the study is to examine and clarify the historical and social topography of the studied ritual complex by comparing the data of historical sources and newly obtained archaeological and natural science data, to clarify the dating of the functioning of the necropolis. According to written sources, the church of Cosmas and Damian in the Lower Garden Sloboda has been known since the end of the first quarter of the XVII century. In the 1930s, the church was destroyed, as was the aboveground part of the cemetery, and a polyclinic building was subsequently built in its place. The cemetery was studied archaeologically under the leadership of Denisov A.V. in 2016 and 2018, during the security and rescue archaeological excavations on the territory of the construction of the Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, located at the address: Moscow, Kosmodamianskaya Embankment 22, p. 1-1a. The discovered finds were received by the Museum of Moscow. The anthropological material was studied by anthropologists of IA RAS, Doctor of Historical Sciences Dobrovolskaya M.V. and junior researcher Reshetova I.K., after which the remains were reburied. Radiocarbon dating was carried out for two burials, which supplemented the conclusions about the period of functioning of the cemetery. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that the analysis of data obtained during archaeological and natural science studies in 2016 and 2018 made it possible to clarify the existence of the necropolis at the Church of Cosmas and Damian in the Lower Sadovaya Sloboda, as well as to highlight some aspects of the historical and social topography of the investigated site. The result was the determination of the chronological boundaries of the functioning of the necropolis and the clarification of the historical and social topography of the entire territory of the former ritual complex.
Keywords: necropolis; cemetery; church of Cosmas and Damian; ritual complex; burial; construction; archaeological excavations; chronology; topography; Sadovnicheskaya Sloboda.
Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia)
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