№4-2023-07
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-04-63-74
Vanin A.A.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF «SOCIALIST RECONSTRUCTION»
OF SARATOV IN THE MASTER PLANS OF THE 1930S – EARLY 1950S.
The article discusses the process of development of urban planning in Saratov during the reign of I.V. Stalin. The problems of development of urban space that faced the city planners of Saratov at that time, the general plans of the city and their variants developed in the 1930s — early 1950s, as well as the factors that influenced the process of their development are analyzed. The study is based on the use of a set of methodological techniques, including such special methods of historical science as historical-genetic and problem-chronological, as well as an interdisciplinary approach, in particular, the methods of urban studies and semiotics. The current development of the city strongly contradicted the city planning plans, which entailed constant and very significant adjustments in design development throughout the entire period of the 1930s — early 1950s. In addition, constant changes in project documentation were also caused by some adjustments in the plans for major construction projects of all-Union significance, such as the construction of hydroelectric power stations. However, despite the fact that the master plans were constantly cut back, the scale of these developments remained quite large. All of them rather weakly correlated with the real economic situation and opportunities of the city and, paradoxically, with the economic and political priorities of the state as a whole. The implementation of these plans was started, however, under the conditions of the extensive development of the Soviet economy in the first five-year plans, and then in the difficult conditions of the war and post-war years, and with the low level of development of the construction industry, it could not take place in full.
Keywords: Saratov, urban space, regional center, Soviet urban planning, Soviet architecture, Soviet neoclassicism, master plan, the concept of «socialist reconstruction» of the city.
Saratov State University (Russia)
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