№4-2023-14
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-04-137-145
Salimon V.Yu.
F.-D. TRONCHET AND THE PROBLEM OF THE CORRELATION OF POWERS IN THE NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1791)
The article deals with the views of the leader of the “centre-left” François-Denis Tronchet on the interference of the legislative and executive branches of power in the political system of revolutionary France and the place of the king in it. One of the important problems facing the deputies of the National Constituent Assembly was to change the form of government that existed under the Old Regime, in which all power was in the same hands. The position of Tronchet, who thought in the spirit of the liberal majority for the abolition of absolutism and the subordination of the monarch to the law, at the same time, differed from the supporters of the influential royal power of Mirabeau, Lafayette, Le Chapelier, and from the adherents of the powerful parliament of Barnave, Duport, Alexander and Charles Lameth. Unlike the moderate deputies of the Assembly and the “left”, the representative of the “centre-left” expressed balanced judgments about the parity cooperation between the branches of power insisting on the significant role of the head of the executive branch. The Varennes crisis changed the views of many politicians. Tronchet was one of the main heralds of the liberal majority, who consolidated their intention to strengthen the executive branch of power in the person of the king and his agents, to complete the Constitution, to stabilize the situation in the country, to prevent the further radicalization of the revolution and the spread of republican mentality.
Key word: French revolution, liberal majority of the National Constituent Assembly, representative power, correlation of powers, “centre-left”, Constitutional monarchy, king, parliament.
Polytechnic College of the Bryansk State Technical University
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