DOI:10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-04-126-132

Sagimbaev A.V., Fedin A.V.

THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE PREPARATION
OF THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN TREATY IN THE MID-1930s.

The transformation processes that took place in the interwar decades affected, among other things, the largest of the colonial systems that existed at that time, created within the framework of the British Empire. Faced with internal difficulties after the end of the First World War, as well as with the growth of the national liberation movement in the colonies, the British political elite was forced to make significant adjustments to colonial policy, betting on the active use of indirect methods of exercising its influence within the vast colonial and semi-colonial periphery. In practice, this strategy was implemented through a series of reforms designed to create a certain «facade» of self-government in the most important British possessions. One of the most typical examples of the implementation of the «veiled» control model was the evolution of Anglo-Egyptian contractual relations in the 1920s– 1930s. Against the background of the massive anti-colonial movement of the Egyptians, which began at the turn of the 1910s – 1920s, the British political elite was forced to abandon plans to establish a direct protectorate and accept recognition of Egypt’s formal independence on February 28, 1922. Nevertheless, the UK’s long-term strategy assumed the preservation of the Egyptian state in the sphere of British geopolitical influence in order, first of all, to ensure control over the Suez Canal. The implementation of this strategic line determined the main content of Anglo-Egyptian diplomatic relations against the background of a significant complication of the international situation in the 1930s.

Keywords: the British colonial system, the «veiled protectorate» model, the Anglo-Italian contradictions, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936.

Брянский государственный университет имени академика И.Г. Петровского (Россия),

Bryansk State University named after Academician I.G. Petrovsky (Russia).

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