DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-02-99-107

SPECIAL INTERMEDIATION OF BASHKIR LANDS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE UFA PROVINCE)

This paper analyzes the socio-economic reality of the second half of the XIX century and provides material on special land surveying of the Bashkir lands. As sources, the materials of the fund «Ufa Provincial presence on Peasant affairs» were used. In addition to the survey materials, there are some narrative sources, in particular, a book by the famous writer and ethnologist, S. I. Rudenko, describing the daily life of the Bashkirs and the activities of the authorities in this period of time. Here attention is drawn to the activities of various state institutions that sought to provide the population with the necessary land. The authorities differentiated the norms of minimum land security for Bashkirs-patrimonial owners, mishars, teptyars, and various categories of peasants. Periodically, the authorities adjusted the norms of legal support for different groups of the rural population, allowed the possibility of exchanging land, and also did not exclude monetary compensation from the state if there was a shortage of land. In addition, the authorities created new state institutions with the involvement of interested parties to regulate land relations in the province. So from the second half of the XIX century, the government begins its activities in this direction. New approaches began to manifest themselves in the actions of the authorities since the 60s of the XIX century, when attempts were made to settle the land issue in the region through detailed regulation. At the same time, positive trends in the further development of the region’s territory were periodically accompanied by acts of direct administrative arbitrariness against the Bashkirs, both on the part of the provincial authorities and land buyers in the region.

Keywords: Special land surveying, General land survey, patrimonial landowners, land surveyors, Bashkirs, dachas, disputed cases.

Bashkir State University (Russia),

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