№1-2022-15
№1-2022-15
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-01-193-204
Poznakhirev V.V.
RELEASE BY THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT OF PRISONERS OF THE ENEMY UNILATERALLY IN THE 18TH CENTURY
In Russian historiography, issues related to the unilateral release of enemy prisoners in the wars of the 18th century are still not only not considered, but, in fact, are not even raised. Meanwhile, Russia has a wealth of experience in this regard. In addition, it cannot be excluded that this experience, in one way or another, can be used in the course of modern armed conflicts. The foregoing indicates the novelty and relevance of this article, and this predetermines its goal: to reveal the conditions, procedure and key features of the release of foreign captives. The methodological basis of this work is mainly historical-comparative and historical-situational methods. In the course of the study, the practice of releasing foreign prisoners of war and internees unilaterally was studied in detail on the examples of the wars of Russia with Poland (1733–1735), Prussia (1757–1762), Turkey (1735–1739, 1768–1774, 1787–1791), France (1799) and Sweden (1700–1721, 1741–1743, 1788–1790). Analyzing the documents of five central Russian archives, the author formulates a set of criteria that allow to distinguish between unilateral release from other forms of ending the state of captivity; systematizes the facts revealed by him; classifies facts according to various criteria; comes to the conclusion that in the wars of the XVIII century the Russian side quite often released enemy prisoners not just unilaterally, but also (which is especially important) without any conditions. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the materials of this article have not lost their significance for modernity and today can be used by employees of institutions and organizations associated with the release of persons forcibly detained in areas of armed conflict, both international and domestic.
Keywords: prisoners of war, armed conflict, humanitarian aspect, internees, unilateral release, subjects of neutral and allied powers, reverse, conditions of termination of state of captivity.
Private Institution Educational Organization of higher education «Reaviz» University, Saint Petersburg (Russia)
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