№1-2022-19
№1-2022-19
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-01-249-264
Talagaeva D. A.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS OF RATIONALITY IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DOCTRINES OF THE XIX-XXI CENTURIES
Introduction. Research problem. The article proposes an analysis of the developing ideas about rationality, embedded in economic theories, which form the basis of the training course «History of Economic Doctrines» — starting from the political economy of the Enlightenment and ending with modern behavioral economics. The question is of the key importance for the teaching of this discipline, since the rationality thesis is both a theoretical and value basis of economics: providing a connection with mathematics, it simultaneously affirms a certain model of behavior as a normative one. Methods. The study uses the methods of «intellectual history» and «critical theory», which interpret scientific texts as «speech acts», reflecting the interests of the authors and performed within a certain socio-political structure of society. The emphasis is on the meaning of the text within the historical situation in which it appeared and became widespread. Results. The main result of the study is the presentation of the development of economic ideas about a person as the deployment of a model of a rational egoist. This model competed with the concept of the «alienated» man of K. Marx, and then — of the «psychological man» of J. Keynes. Keynesian economics remains the basis of the economic policy of most modern countries, but at the same time, the main directions of modern economic science give priority to the rational-egoistic model. Conclusion. Conclusions. The predominance of these models can be explained in terms of cultural priorities or the socio-economic structure of the societies in which these ideas are formed and spread. At the same time, in the presentation of these theories within the framework of training courses, it is important to emphasize the role of the economy, not only as a cultural phenomenon that reflects a certain social configuration, but also as an activity carried out by economists in two main areas — forecasting and the formation of ideological pictures.
Keywords: history of economic doctrines; intellectual history of economics; economic anthropology; rational selfishness
Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (Russia)
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