№3-2022-13
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-03-114-123
Sviridova A.S.
CARICATURE AS A MEANS TO FORM AND REFLECT THE «ENEMY IMAGE» IN WORLD WAR I (BASED ON MATERIALS OF RUSSIAN PERIODICALS 1916)
This article analyzes the subjects of caricature of military problems during the First World War. By 1916 Bulgaria had joined the allied bloc of Germany, and in connection with this the caricature images of the «enemy» in the pages of the Russian press are gaining popularity new subjects, mostly related to the image of relations between the members of the Fourth Union. In order to form a holistic perception of the «image of the enemy» as the main subject line, the cartoons depicting the members of the Fourth Union and the relationship between them during the military campaign of 1916 were selected, systematized and analyzed for the study. The problematic of the study lies in the fact that caricature acted both as a means of formation and a way of transmitting information under wartime censorship. In this connection, the aim of the study is to identify the ways of formation and reflection of the «enemy image» in satirical cartoons during the military campaign of 1916. The presented work is based on the principles of consistency and historicism. The methodological basis for writing the article is provided by special historical methods which have allowed to determine the ideological function of the cartoon in the conditions of military censorship in the early 20th century and have contributed to the formation of integral images of the enemies of the Entente in the First World War. Thus, the caricature of the time period under study traces the satirical perception of the enemy with the subsequent broadcasting of his image as a weak, greedy and pathetic enemy, also mocking the relationship between the allies of the Fourth Bloc.
Keywords: World War I, a cartoon of military issues, satire, «enemy image», Kaiser Wilhelm II, Franz Joseph I, the Turkish Sultan, the Fourth Alliance, the Entente, the military campaign of 1916.
Academician I.G. Petrovskii Bryansk State University (Russia
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