№1-2023-04
№1-2023-04
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-01-38-46
Vartanyan E.G.
THE NATIONAL CONCLUSION FIGHT IN THE BALKANS IN THE 1860S — 1870S. AND POSITIONS OF THE GREAT POWERS ON THE EVE OF THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR
The Republic of Turkey is currently playing an active role on the world stage, strengthening its position as a regional leader and quickly responding to international events. For the territory of the Ottoman Empire, control over the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, there has always been a fierce rivalry between the great powers, this was especially acute between Great Britain and Russia. History shows that the confrontation between the countries of the West and Russia, which began in the early modern period, continues to the present, regardless of the region. In this context, the author addresses the issue of the struggle of the great powers to strengthen their positions in the strategically important areas of the Ottoman Empire in the last third of the 19th century. The author sets out to show the rivalry of the great powers for strengthening their positions in the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s-1870s in the context of the growth of the liberation aspirations of the conquered peoples of the Balkan Peninsula, which led to another aggravation of the problem of the Eastern Question. It is shown that the national liberation struggle of the conquered peoples was a bargaining chip in the geopolitical game of the great powers. The motives for the participation of the great powers in resolving the Eastern Question, attempts to diplomatically put pressure on the Port on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 are revealed. It is concluded that Russia had exhausted all diplomatic methods of influencing Porto before declaring war on it in 1877, ending the Turkish-Ottoman legal dominion of the Bulgarians over the Balkans. The methodological basis of the article is the general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity, as well as a combination of comparative historical, historical systemic and historical genetic methods. The empirical basis of the study is a set of documents that made it possible to objectively assess the positions of the great powers in their struggle for the territory of the Ottoman Empire, to show the intricacies of their policies and rivalry on the eve of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878.
Keywords: Russia, England, France, Austria-Hungarу, Germany, Bulgaria, Eastern Question, N.P., Ignatiev, South Slavs, autonomy.
Kuban State University (Russia)
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