№2-2023-10
№2-2023-10
DOI:10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-02-102-110
Lakhtyuk S.A., Kostrov A.V., Saitgareev R.R.
THE GEOPOLITICAL FACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SWISS MILITARISM IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF THE XIV-XVI CENTURIES
The article discusses the possibilities and factors of influence of natural space on the formation of a special attitude of the population to the phenomenon of war. As an example, Switzerland is considered in the period of its formation within its modern borders in the XIV-XVI centuries. Separately, the authors note the understanding of the phenomenon of militarism as a sociocultural construct by the authors, including based on the originality of this approach in modern Russian historiography. Geographic determinism is used as the main research method. On its basis, using the data given in synchronous written sources, the influence of mountainous rugged terrain on the population’s perception of the phenomenon of war and the formation of militarism in the socio-cultural space of society is considered. There is a difference in attitudes towards military affairs in the mountainous cantons of Switzerland and the plains. The researchers point out that this fact is most clearly seen in the Kappel religious wars, where the mountain cantons, in addition to protecting religious beliefs, defended their right to military enterprise, while reformers from the flat part of the country considered mercenarism as a threat to the unity of the country. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the direct influence of the natural-geographical factor on the perception of the surrounding space and, as a result, the special attitude of the population in military affairs i.e., formation of the socio-cultural phenomenon of militarism.
Keywords: Militarism, geographical determinism, Switzerland, military affairs, military enterprise, religious wars.
Irkutsk State University (Russia)
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