№3-2023-04
№3-2023-04
DOI: 10.22281/2413-9912-2023-07-03-32-39
Blumenau S.F.
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF THE LATE 18TH CENTURY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE MOB ARBITRARINESS
In France under the Old Regime crop failures and subsequent food riots were a frequent occurrence. In the mythologized consciousness of the masses, there was an idea of a «hunger pact» — the desire of those in power to kill the people. The social groups associated with grain operations — large farmers, wealthy merchants, millers, bakers — were considered the instrument of this «conspiracy». The revolutionary events unfolding in the summer of 1789 marked the beginning of the collapse of the former government and created a sense of permissiveness among the population. Hence the self-styled reprisals of half-starved crowds against their real, and more often imaginary enemies. At first, the still politically weak revolutionary elite did not dare to take serious measures to counter popular riots and the extrajudicial reprisals that accompanied them. But in the autumn of 1789 the position of the Constituent Assembly was strengthened, and besides, it relied on local authorities and the National Guard.The murder of the baker Francois by the mob was the catalyst for passing a martial law decree. This law, and even more the resolution of the food crisis, led to the establishment of relative public peace, which made it easier for the legislators to carry out profound changes in various social and political spheres.
Keywords: «hunger pact», mob outrages, murder of the baker Francois, the Constituent Assembly, martial law decree, municipalities, the National Guard, public peace.
Academician I.G. Petrovskii Bryansk State University (Russia)
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